The Most Frequent Inflammatory Disease Of The Central...

The most frequent inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) impacts the lives of two and half million people in the world, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (Schattling, 2013). Growing up, this disease has personally affected my family, and seeing a first hand account of the burden and turmoil that this disease causes for all of its patients it is critical to understand how this disease degenerates neurons and axons. The key players in this process are nervous system ion channels that regulate the influx and efflux of sodium and calcium, whether through exchangers or voltage-gated channels. There are normal molecular settings in neurons and there are MS molecular settings; the two are very different and progressively become further†¦show more content†¦These layers are made of myelin, produced by Schwann cells that are assigned early in the organism’s development. As these layers develop they become tightly packed around the axons, and the main benefit of this co ating is that it prevents the exiting and entering of ions for a distance along the axons. This protection allows the ions to travel further and cause action potentials at a faster rate (Norton and Cammer, 1984). Action potentials are caused by the influx of sodium ions followed by the slow efflux of potassium ions. The process of rapid action potentials jumping from one node to the next is called salutatory conductance (Black et al., 1991). Now, why are myelin sheaths so important to the fundamental understanding of MS? Briefly, individuals with MS have immune cells, many types, which attack the myelin around the axons—degenerating the myelin. This degeneration slows down the rate of action potentials in these axons (Wang et al., 2014). The entire purpose of action potentials is to respond to the stimulus placed upon the channels. This response is involved with cell-to-cell signaling and communication and sending messages back to the CNS. Without the protection around the axon the ions inside that produce an action potential now have the opportunity to exit the axon causing a shortening or even elimination in the distance the action potential travels. This is severely detrimental to the axon and neuron. To

Friedman vs Keynes Free Essays

Friedman vs. Keynes I. INTRO . We will write a custom essay sample on Friedman vs Keynes or any similar topic only for you Order Now II. Milton Friedman A. Historical Background B. View of Economy a. Early Views b. Later Views C. Influence on Policy Makers a. Richard Nixon b. Ronald Reagan III. John Maynard Keynes A. Historical Background B. View of Economy a. Trade b. Unemployment C. Influence on Policy Makers a. Prime Minister David Lloyd George b. Frank D. Roosevelt IV. Conclusion Friedman vs. Keynes The discipline of macroeconomics deals with the performance, structure, and behavior of a national economy as a whole. Macroeconomists seek to understand the determinants of aggregate trends in an economy with particular focus on national income, unemployment, inflation, investment, and international trade. Milton Friedman and John Maynard Keynes, who was both great economists, embraced the different challenges of the world by imposing their own philosophies. Although both Friedman and Keynes have some similarities, strong disagreements about the monetary arena set them apart. These two gentlemen traveled different paths of economics their whole life to establish ground rules for the government to follow. The first son of a working class Jewish family, Milton Friedman was born in New York City in the early 1900’s. Milton graduated high school before his 16th birthday and received a scholarship to Rutgers University where he began a specialization in mathematics. Milton’s interest in economics was influenced by two economics professors during his undergraduate studies during the time of the Great Depression (Friedman, 2005). He was convinced that the study of economics could help solve ongoing economic difficulties. Milton graduated with a double major of economics and mathematics. Milton has been credited as being the most influential economist of the second half on the twentieth century. Though originally a follower of the theories of John Maynard Keynes, Friedman later revoked the ideas of central control after witnessing the effects and moved towards advocating free markets. Friedman’s views of monetary policy, taxation, privatization, deregulation influenced the presidential term of Ronald Reagan in the United States during the 1980’s and Margaret Thatcher in Britain. Friedman served on the committee of economic advisors for President Richard Nixon and was at times nsuccessful at convincing Nixon to accept his advice (Stein, 2006). In addition to the influence on world leaders, Friedman’s impact on economy is also evident in his contribution to the payroll withholding tax system. This system was put in place to counteract tax evasion and tax avoidance either by domestic or international taxpayers. Milton Friedman also advocated for a v oluntary military and against a draft. Friedman’s approach to economy and government developed into a laissez-faire view. He defended capitalism and criticized the ideas of the New Deal. John Maynard Keynes was born in Cambridge, England in 1883. John’s father was a registrar at the University of Cambridge and an economist while John’s mother was one of the first female graduates of the University of Cambridge, and later the mayor of Cambridge. John Maynard Keynes began his studies in mathematics and the classics at King’s College of Cambridge (Reich, 1999). Keynes was strongly influenced by Alfred Marshall to change his academic interests to politics and economics. Upon completion of his undergraduate studies Keynes became a civil servant in India for a spell and later returned to Cambridge to teach economics. As World War I ensued Keynes returned to government employment and studied relations with war allies. Keynes acted as an economic advisor to Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Reich, 1999). Keynes is best known for his work and theories of prolonged unemployment. In his 1936 publication Keynes’s General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money Keynes explores the competitive capitalist economy that could move the economy toward a state of full employment based on a government sponsored policy. One could argue that geography, upbringing, and the social era that each economist was at during his professional peak as contributing factors to their differences. Friedman’s ideals appear to be rooted in rules while Keynes believed that policy should be carried out by superior elite. While Friedman believed that the interest is a real phenomenon is determined by the supply of and demand for loaned funds, Keynes would argue against. Keynes would pose that the interest rate is a monetary phenomenon and is determined by the supply of demand for money. There are obvious differences between Friedman and Keynes, yet there are some underlying similarities in their work. Both of these economists were great advocates of their ideas; both saw the great depression as a crisis due to lack of demand; both wrote in favor of floating exchange rates; and both were on the side of freedom in the great ideological struggle of the 20th century. In addition, both economists believed that capitalism should be preserved and that there were financial policies that could support a reasonable rate of growth (Stein, 2006). Based on the research that I have conducted I tend to lean towards agreeing with Friedman, though I do not reject all of the concepts presented by Keynes. Friedman’s approach to an unbalanced economy is realistic to what is seen in today’s economy. In following Friedman’s suit, I suspect that the aggregate economic state of the United States today, specifically increasing gas prices and high unemployment, as a result of significant world events. James/ECO-202 Reference Friedman, M. (2005). Milton Friedman Autobiography; The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976. Retrieved October 20, 2007, from http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/ economics/laureates/1976/friedman-autobio. html Reich, R. B. (1999, March 29). John Maynard Keynes His radical idea that governments should spend money they don’t have may have saved capitalism [Electronic Version]. Time. Stein, B. (2006, November 27). Milton Friedman, freedom fighter. Retrieved October 20, 2007, from http://www. time. com/time How to cite Friedman vs Keynes, Essay examples

FMCG Competitors Western Suburbs Of Mumbai -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The FMCG Competitors Western Suburbs Of Mumbai? Answer: Introduction Patanjali Ayurved Limited (PAL) is an Indian FMCG company that is based out in Haridwar and has a market valuation of approximately ?30 billion (US$470 million) (Patanjali Ayurved 2017). The organization saw its origin way back in 1995 when Yoga guru Baba Ramdev set up the Divya Yog Mandir Trust with assistance from Acharya Balkrishna and Acharya Karamveer under the supervision of Swami Shankardevji. The organization went on to become a private limited company in 2006, with registrations of remarkable y-o-y growth with appreciable top and bottom lines. It has turned out to be the fastest growing Indian FMCG organization till record and their growth rate has established high benchmarks for their competitors to emulate. The main idea behind the establishing of the company was propagating the science of Ayurveda and put both Yoga and Ayurved on the world map. The company got registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and their registered office is in Bijwasa, New Delhi, with three more of fices in Haridwar. The company started out with a vision of supporting and pushing the lives of Indian farmers by means of locally sourcing raw materials from them so that they get a better chance at a better live, all the while simultaneously offering the Indian masses with an opportunity of getting to lead a healthy lifestyle (Patanjali Ayurved 2017). This report would be carrying out a thorough strategic analysis of Patanjali Ayurved Limited and through that come to conclusions and provide recommendations accordingly. Organizational research would be carried out to find out growth opportunities for the organization. Macro Environment Analysis The macro environment of an organization is comprised of forces that have the capacity of shaping the future course of action for it. A complete awareness of these forces would assist in analyzing the strengths and weaknesses in the current environmental context and accordingly strategize. It is imperative for PAL to understand and then accordingly formulate the necessary objectives and strategy, basing them on the same. The macro environmental forces that have an impact on Patanjali Ayurved are discussed below: Factors Analysis Political v The current scenario in this context is conducive for the development of PAL in the country. His support for the current PM is high. v The current central government is stable and helps PAL in moving on a fast growth track. v A challenge faced by PAL from state government is that they are expanding operations out of Uttarakhand due to lack of cooperation (Aradhak 2017). Economic v The inflation rate in a moderate dose is there in the customers minds while looking out for value-for-money products. v Increase rate of taxes and interests have an adverse influence on the cost of capital and therefore increases manufacturing cost, thus increasing the products market cost. v PAL gets benefitted from the implementation of GST. v PAL procures their raw materials locally and there is minimal thrust on export, so no significant impact is felt on currency exchange rates (Thomas 2016). Social v With time people are becoming more health conscious and they are spending more on health and awareness products and programs. v There is a growth in lifestyle diseases in the Indian society, like cancer, heart attacks, diabetes, and BP. The most driving cause behind this is the presence of chemicals in the food that we consume and the products that we are using, apart from our lifestyle (Chaubey 2016). Technological v The Indian government has established a favorable RD environment. Through Patanjali Yogpeeth Trust at Haridwar, PAL is involved with the RD of different herbal and ayurvedic products. There are claims that some PAL products have the capacity of curing even cancer. v The inclusion of automation in drug production has helped in the mass production of different ayurvedic drugs, all the while maintaining efficacy. v Better means of communication (Ghosh 2015). Environmental v There is no presence of harmful chemicals, giving it a direct advantage over the allopathic medicines that have different types of side effects. v India as a country is an affluent source of different herbs that might not be found anywhere else in the world. v Ayurvedic product manufacturing residues are less damaging than that of allopathic ones. v In comparison, Ayurvedic products are more environment-friendly (Basu and Ghosh 2015). Legal Ayurved is a vast turf and many government acts apply to it. Some of these acts are: the drugs and cosmetics act 1940 and rules made thereunder, the medicine central council act-1970, and the drugs and magic remedies act 1954 and the rules made thereunder (Anand 2015). Table 1: PESTEL Analysis O-T Analysis To identify the main opportunities and threats facing the company, the following table can be referred to: Opportunities Threats 1. Patanjali has the opportunity of expanding widely in the rural markets. 2. Different types of tie-ups like something in the form of Future Group would assist PAL in being more successful. 3. Diversifying their product base into other retail sections would also assist PAL in acquiring an overall Indian presence in the industry. 4. The company has the potential of increasing their global market just because Ayurveda is slowly gaining prominence all across the globe. 1. FMCG competitors of PAL are coming up with different Ayurvedic product variants. 2. PAL business can get heavily affected during poor farming seasons as their whole business is based on the natural ingredients for their products. 3. Any amount of negative word of mouth publicity over social media sites can become detrimental for the sales of the brand. Table 2: Opportunities and Threats Source: (Kumar et al. 2014) Industry Environment Analysis Force Analysis Impact Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyers always look for reliable ayurvedic compositions. The major determinants of the product are price and quality. There is no hesitance from the side of the buyers in shifting to a parallel quality product is obtainable at a lesser price from another manufacturer. Moderate Bargaining Power of Sellers As these kinds of businesses are extremely reliant on the appropriate component, suppliers or sellers possess a good bargaining power. The bargaining power of the sellers and suppliers get organized by backward integration i.e. by the establishment of personal herbal gardens and the planting of herbs. Patanjali got into control the bargaining power of the suppliers and the sellers by turning into a completely integrated organization. PAL is providing end to end solutions in Ayurved. Moderate to High Threat of Substitutes The substitute products are dependent on the respective product category, however, normally the sector in which PAL is present has a low to moderate threat of substitute ranges. Low to Moderate Threat of New Entrants The barriers to entry in this industry are quite significant as it asks for large capital investment for setting up networks and brand promotion. Current players are already using up the existing distribution channels. Only those few with expertise can leverage the economies of scale. For building brand equity, the established brands carry out a lot of marketing, making it harder for them to be beaten in their game. The newer companies do not have the option of sparing money on promotion and therefore cannot offer unsustainable prices. Moderate to High Competitive Rivalry This force has a high impact as there are private labels that provide heavy discounts in comparison with established brands. Therefore, the weak players get ousted from the market, which is already extremely fragmented with the presence of a large number of players. More MNCs are joining the bandwagon, with established brands investing in branding for demanding higher prices, making the overall situation difficult for gaining market share. High Table 3: Porters Five Forces Analysis Source: (Singh and Gopal 2016) Scenario Planning With ideally around 600 products dispersed in various FMCG arrangements, the product portfolio of Patanjali is broad and has ended up being clashing, which is causing disorder among customers and besides moving a long way from its middle-value proposition. For instance, the noodles or move class falls neither under the Ayurveda segment nor it is an Indian sustenance or recipe, both of which were the focus to Patanjali. Furthermore, just by saturating the market at first with the absolute volume of their different products, now it is acting test to the association to keep up demand and supply, to evade stock-out of top-notch products and clearing the less selling products (Rajeev et al. 2015). Driving Forces The supply and distribution of Patanjali are deficient and sporadic. Various a times, there is more supply than required and now and again, there is low supply. In accordance to one source, the fill rates of Patanjali products are to the extent of 40%. Conversely, multinational consumer goods associations, for instance, Nestl and HUL have a fill rate of 85-90%. The distributor edges are as low as 5% stand out from 8-10% as presented by other FMCG associations. A vast segment of Patanjali products is in this way sold on MRP inferable from low edges (Raizada 2016). Scenario A: The economy would suffer with the wastage of products Scenario B: The supply remains stable, but there is no demand due to competitiveness Scenario C: The excessive battle for supplying products would not present products to consumers Scenario D: Excessive supply would lead to wastage of raw materials Resources and Capabilities Patanjali has grown up to become a big organization in the Indian FMCG sector, possessing a lot of resources and capabilities. For understanding, if all those are a good source of sustainable competitive advantage, a VRIN analysis can be performed on them. Each of the company's capabilities is discussed below: Capabilities Analysis Competitive advantage Production plant PAL have their main production plant cum headquarters in Haridwar. It contains world-class state-of-the-art facilities of their manufacturing needs, increasing its overall value the value is acquired not just from production but from the production of natural and herbal products. It is rare and the scale of production is unprecedented. It is neither an expensive part nor is it inimitable. It is, however, substitutable as the production cannot be conducted without the plant. Positive Technology and knowledge application All raw materials are Ayurveda derived and naturally available. PAL has expertise in arriving at the magic product with the means of herbs, medicinal knowledge, and mixing. Herbal product competitors like Dabur do not do so on a scale like PAL. There is no other solution to this, thus making it inimitable and non-substitutable. Positive Brand image Patanjali piggybacks on Baba Ramdevs image, him being the brand ambassador of the brand and projecting the brand as a natural, organic and healthy option to all problems. His easily adoptable yoga lessons gave him enough credibility for relaunching Patanjali and associating it with better health. He is the reason for the brands success and the sleepless nights of the other FMCG brands. A brand ambassador of such a stature is rare, making the brand image non-imitable. But, it is substitutable as brand image and credibility can be built in other ways too. Temporary Government and social affiliations Baba Ramdev boasts of having strong associations with ruling parties and the brand is Swadeshi in essence, completely in alignment with the national political party tone. Thus, the brand relishes strong bond and reputation with authority. This resource might be valued but is not rare, as other companies also have ties and effect with the political parties. It is, however, non-substitutable as Patanjali boasts of access to land for establishing food parks, result of good relations with governments. Nevertheless, provided the ruling party changes, the situation for PAL might become difficult for them in obtaining such benefits. Temporary Arogya Kendras and chikitsalayas Patanjali has their own way of building brand credibility, different from other FMCG brands, which at the end of the day distinguishes it from other others. There are certified ayurvedic doctors who have assisted in increasing the trust factor for PAL. Positive word of mouth publicity has turned the brand into something rare, valuable and non-substitutable. Other FMCG giants cannot go for this strategy as they do not have the option of hiring ayurvedic doctors for recommending their products and cosmetic products, nor do they have the option of hiring doctors with MBBS degrees as that would be a costly value proposition. Positive Table 5: VRIN Analysis Source: (Sharma et al. 2016) Business-level Strategy Michael Porter proposed cost leadership, differentiation, and niche as the three-rule generic competitive strategies. PALs strategy incorporates all these three strategies. Within every way that really matters no promotion and progression costs, stood out from contenders, and moreover, with cut down affiliation and retail costs, PAL has inbuilt cost leadership in its supply chain. The differentiation strategy is worked via the genuine Ayurvedic interface through the originator Baba Ramdev. While HUL associated with Arya Vaidya Sala for its Ayush products, it has not been progressed as a durable proposition nor has it been reproduced in product claims. The forte strategy of PAL communicates to the accentuation on prosperity mindful middle-class customers transversely finished mini-metros and critical towns. Mate has found its place in the supernatural and yogic success that Baba Ramdev carries and the ordinary, Ayurvedic prosperity perspective that the products give (Chowdhary and Gop inath 2013). Meanwhile, PAL has picked a strategy that tries to oppose Porter's prepare on business description. Instead of portraying its business around just Ayurvedic prosperity and individual care products, the association has expanded into staple goods, for instance, atta, home care products, for instance, chemical powders and washing bars, and breakfast products, for instance, oats and noodles. The highlight is in every way on the considerable old marketing system of brand growths utilizing the umbrella brand liberality of Patanjali. Rather than generic product or business strategies, PAL is focused on working up its own 'generic home strategy', endeavoring to change over its consumer homes into Patanjali homes! While in one standpoint such a broad strategy would assist in climbing up quickly and moreover fulfill the goal of giving outrageous competition to MNCs on their home turf, the strategy has its tests (Upadhyay-Dhungel and Dahal 2014). Corporate-level Strategy Patanjali has also familiar FMCG products with diversifying in the market. Indian FMCG market is a market which has a broad assortment of customers. There are various opponents in each one of the classes and notwithstanding the way that they all have tantamount products open at for all intents and purposes similar prices, Patanjali is attemptig to demonstrate it differing through their marketing strategies. Regardless, entry to this business is straightforward (low entry limits) and this reality has been exploited capably to achieve joint favorable position for both Patanjali and the consumers (Tripathi and Khandelwal 2016). As observed in the above Image, the huge products of the Patanjali Food Park are sharbat (Juice concentrates), stick, salt, chyawanaprash, flour candy, washing powder, and so forward. The good position with each one of these products is that these are made of normal products and don't have any responses at all. In any case, as there are such a substantial number of players existing in the market, that Patanjali products have an extraordinary competition to look with. As a rule, product/market strategy of the Patanjali social occasion can be fathomed through Ansoff's Matrix as demonstrated as takes after. Ansoff's matrix, paying little respect to be more than a fifty-year-old marketing tool, still has a wonderful supporter of understanding the diversification strategy of the affiliation. It can be unmistakably agreed from the matrix that Patanjali Yogpeeth is diversifying itself from ayurvedic pharmaceutical to FMCG products (Rawal 2016). Opportunities for Growth PAL can acquire growth by means of growth hacking process. It rotates around 5 fundamental stages: Acquisition, Activation, Retention, Referral, and Revenue. Acquisition stage characterizes how to procure clients from various channels and Activation is the point at which the client chooses to make a move and utilize your product. Patanjali has a noteworthy preferred standpoint over different organizations as it is connected with an extremely well-known identity Baba Ramdev, who has coordinate communication with the consumers that have made a positive and dependable face value of Patanjali and advanced the brand even universally. Digital Marketing has assumed a noteworthy part in the achievement of Patanjali as well. Patanjali is normal in advancing new products through messages with the assistance of Digital Marketing and Content Marketing Tools; Patanjali has pulled in consumers by barraging promotions and teaching them on the significance of Ayurvedic products through websites and articles. Once the client has turned into a dynamic client of your product, this stage causes the client to return and stay draw in with your product for a more drawn out run. At the point when the client begins to allude or prescribe your product to companions and offers the positive surveys. Baba Ramdev has proposed Patanjali's advancement through media and online campaigns and bolstered Indian enterprises by making demands of Swadeshi Products (Brown and Ellis 2017). An essential stage for an organization, clients completely understand the value of your products and paying for it. Patanjali is one of the few companies who has focused on the groups of onlookers through two websites mediums: Corporate and E-commerce. Conclusion Baba Ramdevs Patanjali Ayurved Limited company has been able to make a disruptive progress in the FMCG sector. Within a short span of time, the company has been able to displace market giants and has become synonymous with ayurvedic products. Even though the complete demand is not yet fulfilled, efforts are on the rise from the companys side for increasing sourcing and maintaining a steady supply of raw materials, even in adverse situations. The company is completely focused on providing the masses with good products that do not compromise on health. The company is not just focused on selling only ayurvedic medicines, but also on diversifying their operations into the selling of FMCG products. With the discussions on the available opportunities of growth for PAL, the company can reach new heights and place India in a secure position in the global retail market. This report carried out a thorough strategic analysis of Patanjali Ayurved Limited and through that came to conclusions and provided growth recommendations accordingly. The organizational research was carried out to find out growth opportunities for the organization. References Anand, K. 2015.Heres Why Baba Ramdevs Rs 5000 Crore Empire Is Making Corporate India Uncomfortable. [online] indiatimes.com. Available at: https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/here%E2%80%99s-why-baba-ramdev%E2%80%99s-200-crore-empire-is-making-corporate-india-uncomfortable-229410.html [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Aradhak, P. 2017.430 acres allotted to Patanjali. [online] The Hindu. Available at: https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/430-acres-allotted-to-Patanjali/article16984837.ece [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Baroto, M.B., Abdullah, M.M.B. and Wan, H.L., 2012. Hybrid strategy: a new strategy for competitive advantage.International Journal of Business and Management,7(20), p.120. Basu, S. and Ghosh, D. 2015.In Name of Ramdev's Infertility Cure, the Promise of a Boy Child?. [online] NDTV.com. Available at: https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-name-of-ramdevs-infertility-cure-the-promise-of-a-boy-child-735287 [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Brown, M. and Ellis, S., 2017.Hacking Growth: How Today's Fastest-Growing Companies Drive Breakout Success. Random House. Chaubey, B. 2016.Profit From Patanjali Products Goes to Charity: Ramdev. [online] News18. Available at: https://www.news18.com/news/india/profit-from-patanjali-products-goes-to-charity-ramdev-1235118.html [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Chowdhary, S. and Gopinath, J.K., 2013. Clinical hypnosis and Patanjali yoga sutras.Indian journal of psychiatry,55(Suppl 2), p.S157. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Ghosh, A. 2015.Baba Ramdev's Business Empire Soars, With His Own Rising Profile. [online] Huffington Post India. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/01/13/ramdev-consumer-products-_n_6460760.html [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Gianos, J.F., 2013. A Brief Introduction to Ansoffian Theory and the Optimal Strategic Performance-positioning Matrix on Small Business (OSPP).Journal of Management Research,5(2), p.107. Hussain, S., Khattak, J., Rizwan, A. and Latif, M.A., 2013. ANSOFF matrix, environment, and growth-an interactive triangle.Management and Administrative Sciences Review,2(2), pp.196-206. Kumar, V., Jain, A., Rahman, Z. and Jain, A., 2014. Marketing through spirituality: A case of Patanjali Yogpeeth.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,133, pp.481-490. Patanjali Ayurved. 2017.Home. [online] Available at: https://patanjaliayurved.org/ [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Raizada, S., 2016. PATANJALI: Discoverer, Differentiator and Disruptor.Business Management and Strategy,7(2), pp.56-67. Rajeev, K., Joshi, V.K., Vinod, S., Chandra, T.R. and Deep, K.G., 2015. DEVELOPMENT OF HERB BASED PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN UTTARAKHAND STATE.International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research,3(3). Rawal, P., 2016. INDIAN MONK WHO WANTS A BILLION-DOLLAR COMPANY: A YOGIC BUSINESS REVOLUTION.International Journal of Management Research and Reviews,6(9), p.1169. Sharma, V., Sengar, A., Agrawal, R. and Bharti, K., 2016, July. VALUES BASED BUSINESS ETHICS ALONG THE ENTIRE VALUE CHAIN-A DEMONSTRATION OF THE DEFINITION OF MARKETING. In2016 Global Marketing Conference at Hong Kong(pp. 1169-1180). Singh, B. and Gopal, R.K., 2016. Demystifying the Brand Patanjali-A Case on growth strategies of Patanjali Ayurved Ltd.PES,11(1), p.68. Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R. and Srdjevic, B., 2012. Identifying the criteria set for multicriteria decision making based on SWOT/PESTLE analysis: a case study of reconstructing a water intake structure.Water resources management,26(12), pp.3379-3393. Tansey, P., Spillane, J.P. and Meng, X., 2014. Linking response strategies adopted by construction firms during the 2007 economic recession to Porters generic strategies.Construction Management and Economics,32(7-8), pp.705-724. Thomas, T. 2016.Are PEs bending over backwards to invest in Patanjali?. [online] The Hindu Business Line. Available at: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/are-pes-bending-over-backwards-to-invest-in-patanjali/article8093259.ece [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Tripathi, M. and Khandelwal, S., 2016. Rise of Patanjali-Effect of Patanjali Brand on FMCG Competitors in Western Suburbs of Mumbai.TIMSR Journal of Management Research, pp.37-55. Upadhyay-Dhungel, K. and Dahal, B.K., 2014. Chitta,The Mind-stuff as a Cognitive Apparatus: Model of mind and process of cognition as in Yogasutra of Patanjali.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science,2(1), pp.10-16. Yunna, W. and Yisheng, Y., 2014. The competition situation analysis of shale gas industry in China: Applying Porters five forces and scenario model.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,40, pp.798-805.

Plains Indians Essays - Plains Tribes, Great Sioux War,

Plains Indians For many tribes of Plains Indians whose bison-hunting culture flourished during the 18th and 19th centuries, the sun dance was the major communal religious ceremony . . . the rite celebrates renewal - the spiritual rebirth of participants and their relatives as well as the regeneration of the living earth with all its components . . . The ritual, involving sacrifice and supplication to insure harmony between all living beings, continues to be practiced by many contemporary native Americans. -Elizabeth Atwood LawrenceAs the most important ritual of the nomadic Plains Indians, the Sun Dance in itself presents many ideas, beliefs, and values of these cultures. Through its rich symbolism and complicated rituals we are able to catch a glimpse into these peoples' view of the world. A Sun Dance is held when a man feels the need to be a dancer to fulfill certain wishes, primarily "for his deliverance from his troubles, for supernatural aid, and for beneficent blessings upon all of his people ." (Welker) It is this dancer who usually bears the expenses of the Sun Dance (Atwood), including a feast for all that comes to the celebration. (Welker) Motivations behind the Sun Dance varies slightly between tribes. The Crow held the ceremony to seek aid for revenge for family members killed in warfare. The entire event surrounding the Sun Dance generally lasts from four to seven days, though longer events exist. On the first day a tree is selected to serve as the sun-pole, the center pole for the Sun Dance Lodge, or New-Life-Lodge, as called by the Cheyenne. (Atwood) The selection of the tree is usually done by the eldest woman of the camp, who leads a group of elaborately dressed maidens to the tree to strip off its branches. On the next morning, right as the sun is seen over the eastern horizon, armed warriors charge the sun-pole. They attack the tree in effort to symbolically kill it with gunshots and arrows. Once it is dead it is cut down and taken to where the Sun Dance Lod ge will be erected. (Schwatka) "Before raising the sun-pole, a fresh buffalo head with a broad centre strip of the back of the hide and tail (is) fastened with strong throngs to the top crotch of the sun-pole. Then the pole (is) raised and set firmly in the ground, with the buffalo head facing ! toward the setting-sun." (Welker) The tree represents the center of the world, connecting the heavens to the earth. (Smart p. 527) The lodge is then built by the main dancer and his clansmen. The fork of the lodge represents the eagle's nest. The eagle plays a large part in the Sun Dance for it is one of the Plains Indians' most sacred animal. The eagle flies high, being the closest creature to the Sun. Therefore it is the link between man and spirit, being the messenger that delivers prayers to the Wakan-Tanka (god). (Atwood) In addition to being a messenger, the eagle also represents many human traits. We can see what values and traits these cultures saw as being important in a person by t hose traits imposed upon such a sacred animal. The eagle is seen as courageous, swift, and strong. He has great foresight and knows everything. "In an eagle there is all the wisdom of the world." (Atwood) During the Sun Dance the eagle is the facilitator of communication between man and spirit. The Crow may be accompanied by a dancing eagle in his visions, the eagle "instructing him about the medicine acquired through the vision." (Atwood) The eagle's feathers can cure illnesses. During the Sun Dance a medicine man may use his eagle feather for healing, first touching the feather to the sun-pole then to the patient, transferring the energy from the pole to the ill. It is the buffalo, however, that makes up the main theme of the Sun Dance. In various stories it was the buffalo that began the ritual. The Shoshone believe that the buffalo taught someone the proper way to carry out the dance and the benefits in doing it. Buffalo songs, dances, and feast commonly accompany the Sun Dance. You can see from the symbolic influences

Comparison between the weeders and harvesters essays

Comparison between the weeders and harvesters essays Jules Bretons The Weeders and Pieter Brueghel the Elders The Harvesters are landscape paintings that depict the countryside. They share many similarities and differences through the artists use of color, light, organization, technique, lines, and space to illustrates simple peasant life in the countryside. In The Weeders and The Harvesters, the artists sought to depict the serenity and powerful beauty of the countryside and its relationship with simple peasant life. The dominant subject matter in both paintings is peasant life and its relationship to nature. However, a major difference between the two paintings is its organization. In The Harvesters the scene is more complex. There are several scenes taking place at the same time, and there are people scattered all over the place. This creates unbalance, and is emphasized by the use of cropping on all sides of the painting. The scene takes place during the daytime, and it is a more active scene. The only exception is the people in the foreground who are resting under the shade of a tree. There are many empty spaces, and this is used to make the landscape look vast. In The Weeders there are six women, and all but one are on the ground picking weeds. The painting is more symmetrical, balanced, and uncropped. This landscape depicts only one scene, and is not as detailed as The Harvesters. The women are more calm and somber. They are tired, but convey movement and energy because they a re busy tending to the fields. The only woman that is standing up stands out from the rest. She is in profile view, and is standing firmly straight gazing out into the sun. Even though the organization of the two paintings are very different, they both convey a sense of simplicity, pleasantness, and humbleness to peasant life. Both artists use the nature of the countryside to integrate it with the people and their everyday life. Both artists have a close conne...

10 Job Search Strategies from Recruiters

10 Job Search Strategies from Recruiters When it comes to tapping into best practices in the job search process, recruiters tend to be experts. Therefore, even if you’re not working directly with recruiters in your job search, it’s advisable to pay attention to what they are saying! This week I’ve compiled advice from recruiters that I recommend you follow. It could make the difference between being employed and remaining in job search mode. When you invite a recruiter to connect on LinkedIn, don’t use the generic â€Å"I’d like to add you to my professional network on LinkedIn.† In fact, whenever you connect with anyone, personalize it and provide value. See Recruiter: Stop making this mistake on LinkedIn. Craft your LinkedIn profile to contain the best / most relevant key words, job titles and industry names. Recruiters and hiring managers spend significant time sourcing prospects on LinkedIn and you must key your profile to the searches they are performing. See Recruiters Reveal Their Secrets. Tailor your resume. You must at least appear as if you have a target and are sticking with it. If you have two targets, tailor a resume to each. See What Recruiters Want Candidates to Know and 100 Job Search Tips from Fortune 500 Recruiters. Write a cover letter that helps the recruiter or hiring manager envision you in the open position. Technical recruiters might not read cover letters, but recruiters in other industries do. See Recruiters Reveal Their Secrets. Apply for jobs you are qualified for. Look at the job description carefully; if you can’t state examples in your resume of how you have already succeeded in the required duties for the position, you are probably not a fit. See What Recruiters Want Candidates to Know. Prepare for your interview by researching the company and having specific examples of your accomplishments and previous experience at your fingertips. You *will* be asked for examples of how you approached situations in the past! See What Recruiters Want Candidates to Know. Write a thank you note- and send it by email in addition to snail mail! One candidate snail mailed a note, but someone else emailed a thank you which arrived at the employer’s office before the snail mail; guess who got the job? See Recruiters Reveal Their Secrets. Don’t make typos!! See Recruiters Reveal Their Secrets and What Recruiters Want Candidates to Know. Network, network and network! See 100 Job Search Tips from Fortune 500 Recruiters. Tell the truth. Getting caught in a misrepresentation, including a â€Å"harmless embellishment,† will kill your chances of getting a job. See 100 Job Search Tips from Fortune 500 Recruiters. All of the above tips are in line with what a resume writer or job search coach will tell you but isn’t it great to hear it from people with decades of recruitment experience? If you said yes, you might want some more tips from this valuable source. Thankfully, they’re not that hard to find. For a wealth of advice from recruiters on how to succeed in the job search, I recommend 100 Job Search Tips from Fortune 500 Recruiters. Did you learn anything? Did you get confirmation that you’re doing something right? Please share in the comments!

Enterprise progec Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enterprise progec - Essay Example It also needs rigorous digital marketing campaign as well. We are a team of professional marketers skilled in online marketing (social media management, web development / enhancement and search engine optimisation). We will manage the task of online marketing of Consult2C by attracting attention of maximum potential customers through digital channels of communication. The structure of website will be altered and made more attractive whereas images, titles and tags will be researched and added to the website to optimise visit of potential clients via net traffic which will be tracked through rate of click to conversion. More focused marketing message will be delivered through the website as currently targeted organisations / clients are not mentioned on the web and even there is no vision or mission statement available. The algorithm of website will be redefined in order to rank it top in search engine results. Moreover the website will be advertised on the search engines and pay per click websites. Specific geographic markets are also easily targeted by search engine advertisement so non-targeted clients may be avoided. Few unique articles about the need of training for repute management, communication in organisation and employees development will be published in online article directories like Wikipedia, ehow.com, etc which will help to exalt online existence of services provided by the company. This is the most crucial part of the plan that is to be executed right after web optimisation and article publishing so that there is some foundation of online presence of the company. The pages will be designed and managed on Facebook, Twitter and Linkedin and certain organisations and individuals will be linked and communicated two-way to offer tailored services. Those pages will be updated on daily basis with service offering and press releases and more number of targeted clients will be addressed. This will also help to develop a

English Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

English Composition - Essay Example Caffeine and nicotine stimulate the body and eases drowsiness and tension, but these are addictive drugs that harm the body. Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound that acts as a stimulant in humans and the coffee bean is the primary source of caffeine (Caffeine, 2007). Apart from coffee, it is also present in tea, soft drinks, energy drinks, and chocolates. The Coffee Research Institute states that there were 108,000,000 coffee consumers in the United States in 1999; and in 2000 the National Coffee Association’s research indicates that 54% of the adult population in the US drinks coffee daily with an average of 3 cups (Coffee Research Institute, 2006). Apart from caffeine, nicotine is also an addictive drug that can be bought even in convenience stores. It also stimulates the body and causes a sort of relaxation (Nicotine, 2007). Tobacco is the primary source of nicotine. In the United States, studies have concluded that the number of smokers had decreased but the curiosity of the young people is still unquenched. In 2005, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) discovered that an estimated 71.5 million Americans aged 12 or older are current users of tobacco product ((Office of Applied Studies, 2005). NSDUH further notes that among youths aged 12 to 17, 3.3 million used tobacco products in the past month, and 2.7 million of whom used cigarettes. Most of the young people smoke out of curiosity, while some start drinking coffee and caffeine products to counter drowsiness especially when they are studying or rushing on a project. While caffeine and nicotine cause some sort of stimulation to the body, continued intake of these substance is addictive and can harm the well-being. The effect of caffeine to the human brain is likened to that of amphetamines, cocaine, and heroin; although caffeine is milder (Brain, 2007). Caffeine dependence can lead to unpleasant physical and mental conditions including nervousness, irritability, anxiety,

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Essay Many people nowadays depend on fast food restaurants in their daily life. Most of them particularly young people prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries and pizza. There are many this restaurants are popular. The main ones are that the fast food is easy to get, cheaper, tastes delicious, and it is always ready. The main reason why fast food is so popular is because it is easy to get. Many people work long hours, so they do not have time to prepare their own food. It is easier and more convenient to stop and get something fast to eat, like a hamburger or a pizza. Also, in this times many women work and because of that they have less time to prepare family meals. It is easier for them to just order some fast food. Another reason for the popularity of fast food is that it tastes delicious. Fast food gives the children the kind of food they really love, such as nuggets, pizza, donuts, fries and hot dogs. Everyone loves fast food not only because it is always ready also because it tastes delicious. Nowadays fast food is also very popular because of advertisement. All forms of media advertise about fast food, such as the internet, television and billboards in the street. By these advertisements they know where every restaurant of fast food is located. The final reason why people also love fast food is because there are so many of them, next to their work place, their homes or on the side of the road. That is an important point to many people, because they do not want to waste time searching for a restaurant to eat, they want something near, fast and cheap. People eat fast food for many reasons, both bad and good. Most of the people consume it because it is easy to get, it is delicious and because they are everywhere. Everyone in some point of their life has eaten these food, because of the lack of time, or because you do not feel like cooking. Eating this type of food is not bad as long as you do not overdo it. If you combine it with a nutritious food everything is fine.

Love is Blind :: Essays Papers

Love is Blind Do you remember your first kiss? If you’re like most people, you would describe it as a magical occasion. Were you so certain you loved that person that you wouldn’t listen to anyone who said that you didn’t know the true feeling of love? This is what happened to Edie, the main character and narrator of Alice Munro’s â€Å"How I Met My Husband†. [."] After her first kiss, her eyes were so filled with love they didn’t see the pitfalls, twists, and turns ahead. The theme of the story is because love is blind, it can take you on a journey full of unexpected turns. Like Edie, Alice Kelling, Chris Watter’s fiancee, doesn’t recognize that her love life is falling apart. Her characterization seems of a high society type because of her nice clothes- â€Å"a pair of brown of brown [Ouch] and white checked slacks and a yellow top† (775). However, Alice is also described as being â€Å"Nothing in the least pretty or even young-looking about her†(775). Blinded by her feelings for Chris, Alice is quick to judge before she knows all the facts. For instance when she gets upset at Edie for being intimate with Chris Watters. [Frag -1] (Edie of course doesn’t realize what being intimate includes.) â€Å"Girls like you are just nothing, they’re just public conveniences, just filthy little rags† (779). To any objective observer, the lack of love would be clear when after a night out, â€Å" Chris got out of the car on one side and she got on the other and they walked off separately†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (777). Obvi ously though, Alice’s judgement was also clouded over with love’s blindness. Even though Edie and Alice were two very different people, they both succumbed to love’s blindness. Since the story is a recollection of Edie’s life, it only makes sense that she is telling the story from her point-of view as a major character. The audience learns of the narrator’s identity in the following conversation: â€Å"Would you Edie?, Heather said. I said I didn’t know† (770). [They don't know this from the title?] Because Edie is telling the story, the audience is able to gather important subjective emotions and thoughts such as how she felt when she received her first kiss â€Å"†¦those little kisses, so soft†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (778) and when the letter from Chris Watters didn’t come.

Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Essay

Exercise 1: Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Under the ‘Try This’ tab, complete the puzzles (P1- P6) presented to bring the items into focus. Use the check lists to make sure you have completed all steps Under the ‘Try This’ tab, complete the measurement puzzles (M1-M3) and write the answers here: M1 = __150___ micrometers at __10x__Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = __10_micrometers) M2 = __8.0____ micrometers at _100x_____Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = _1.0__micrometers) M3 = ___2.0__ micrometers at __100x____Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = _1.0__micrometers) Exercise 2: Viewing a typed letter ‘e’ with your scope. Obtain the slide with an ‘e’ on it from the slide selections. Place the ‘e’ slide right side up on the stage with the letter ‘e’ over the hole in the stage. Using the techniques described in the ‘getting started tour’, focus on the letter on the lowest objective power. What do you notice about the orientation of the letter as you look through the microscope? In other words, how does the ‘e’ position compare to how it looks on the slide when looking at the microscope? Upside down At the lowest power, what is the total magnification of the image? 16x Adjust the position of the slide so that a portion of the letter is in the center of the viewing field. Now, rotate the next higher objective in place. If the image is not clear, use only the fine tuning knob to adjust. At 10x, what is the total magnification of the image now? 40x At 40x, what is the total magnification of the image now?160x At 100x, what is the total magnifi cation of the image now?400x Exercise 3: Human cheek cells. Your cheeks are lined with very thin cells that can easily be removed for viewing under a microscope. These cells are called epithelial cells and they line the outside and inside of your body. Cells are small, but large enough to be viewed with a light microscope. The following procedure shows how you would obtain these cells. However, since this is a virtual lab, the cheek cells have already been collected and stained. They are stained with methylene blue to view some sub-cellular parts. This is the actual procedure, but please proceed to placing the cheek smear slide on your ‘virtual’ microscope and bringing into focus. 1. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a toothpick. 2. Using a circular pattern, spread some saliva in the middle of a slide. 3. Place a small drop of stain on the saliva smear. The less stain you use, the better the results will be! 4. Place a cover slip on the stained smear. Knowing the objective scale in Exercise 2, estimate and record the diameter of a single cheek cell in micrometers. Diameter = ___4__________ micrometers What power of objective lens did you use? 100 What was the total magnification?400

Prospects for the Measurement and Management Essay

Research Assessment Exercise is an exercise that is carried out at an interval of about five years aimed at evaluating the quality of research that is undertaken by British higher education institutions. The exercise is undertaken basically on behalf of the four United Kingdom funding councils of the higher education. The research Excellence Framework came as a successor to the Research Assessment Exercise as a method of assessing the research of British higher education institutions. As a mew framework it is expected to produce a robust indication of research excellence for all disciplines following the failures of its predecessor. Both have faced much criticism from scholars who feel that the mode of operation of these assessment exercises is not standard and is marred with misleading information that has grave consequences to the value of higher education n the country. How they operate Research Assessment Exercise uses specialists in the particular fields of research to make submissions to the councils that are ranked by the review panel. The assessment process places much emphasis on the quality of research outputs which includes the papers published in academic journals as well as conference proceedings. The process of assessment also takes into consideration the environment on which the research was carried out as well as indicators of esteem. Each discipline of study that the research is based on has a panel that is well vast with that discipline that determines the rules that will be used as the general guidelines of the assessment exercise. The institutions are also invited to submit their research outputs that are published over a given period. The Research Assessment Exercise takes into consideration the research outputs made by full time members of staff in the research that have been selected for the inclusion. The Research Excellence Framework came as a successor to the Research Assessment Exercise that had highly been criticized by academics in the United Kingdom. It substituted Research Assessment Exercise as a method of assessing the research carried out by British higher education institutions. As a new assessment strategy it is aimed at producing an indication of research excellence in higher education institutions that is robust and can be used as a benchmark quality adjacent to international standards. It also aims to provide a basis that can be used in the distribution of funds to research institutions reducing the administrative burden on institutions. It aims to avoid creating an undesirable behavioral incentive and promote equality and diversity by providing a stable framework on which there will be continued support of a world-leading research foundation within higher education institutions. Both are considered important based on their operations in the society. This is based on the fact that they give insight to the funding councils on the way that they will fund the higher education institution based on the credibility of the research of each institution. They as well show the excellence of the different higher education institutions which helps the public in monitoring the progress of the education institutions in the country (Business Video News, 2010). Criticism The Research Assessment Exercise has highly been criticized on the basis of the fact that happens to ignore the publications made by many full time researchers in the United Kingdom. This has been attributed to the fact that most of these researchers whose publications are ignored are employed on basis of contracts that have a fixed term. The guidelines made by Research Assessment Exercise of the year 2008 attribute that most research assistants are not eligible to be attributed as research active staff (Andrew, 2008). It also excludes the publications made by researchers on fixed term contracts from the assessment exercise unless they can be credited to a staff member who is eligible for the assessment exercise. Criticism has also been raised on the expertise of the panel to evaluate the quality of the research outputs. This is on the basis of the fact that the performance of experts happens to be less when they work in fields that are outside their specific areas of specialization. The Research Assessment Exercise has also been criticized on the basis of the impact that it has on the institution of higher education. This is based on the outcomes of the assessment exercise that have led to the closure of departments that have strong research profiles as well as adequate student recruitment. This has led to massive loss of jobs, demoralization of staff as well as narrowing of the opportunities of research over concentrating funds leading to the undermining of the relationship between teaching and research. The assessment exercise has been criticized as an exercise that has the impact of destruction of the higher education system in the United Kingdom raising its opposition by academics. The criticism to both Research Assessment Exercise and Research Excellence Framework has highly been centered on the fact that the research that is made by the higher education institutions is usually rewarded on the basis of the economic impact that it has. This has been based on the idea that these research assessment exercises assess the research made by the institutions and rank them on the basis of the economic impacts that their research outcomes have on the economy of the country (Chanson, 2007). Based on the economic impact of their research, the institutions are then funded by the funding councils and this has raised much of the criticism. The basis of many academics opposing these assessment structures is the thought of the economic emphasis that is placed on their researches (Felipe, 2009). This has raised the high opposition of both assessment exercises by the academics on the basis that the exercises require them to place much emphasis on research that have an economic benefit. The argument of the academics is the fact the research assessment exercises focus their attention on one aspect of their research that is economic. The feel of the academics is that the assessment exercises are discriminatory on the basis that their attention is on the economic impact that the research has on the society rather than the significance of the research itself. This makes the academics have the idea that their field of research is compromised in the sense that they have to make research findings that have an economic benefit on the society. The indication that research proposals should indicate the economic impacts that the research has on the society has been viewed as a move that limits their scholarly freedom. This is on account of the fact that the indication of the economic impact of the research limits the field of the research. This is on account of the fact that it creates a bias situation in which the researchers are bound to give improper reports on their research. This is in regard to Research Excellence Framework which has it that it will allocate a quarter of United Kingdoms university research funding on the basis of the impact of the research (Andrew, 2009). This is viewed as to create a loophole in which higher education institution may carry out research with the aim of meeting the impact rather than the educational goal of the research. It is also viewed as a factor that has the potential of leading to mislead research reports that are geared at creating the economic impact targeted by the assessment exercises in order to get the funding. It is seen as a move that limits the freedom of education on the grounds that it seeks to appreciate education on the basis of its economic impact in the society (An open letter to Research Councils UK, 2009). This is on the basis that academic researchers are responsible for the impartial pursuit of knowledge a factor that is undermined by the recommendations made by Research Excellence Framework. This is seen as a limitation in the field of education on the grounds that it interferes with the policy making in the scientific field. This is viewed to have the impact of limiting success in the scientific field on the basis that the freedom of research has been tampered with. This has led to academics opposing the assessment exercises feeling that they limit their freedom of pursuit of knowledge. This is on the grounds that it limits their field of research on the basis that they have to direct their research in a way that they have an economic benefit in the society. The limit is on the basis of the fact that science is a global discipline that has held non-interference policies that have led to the discovery of many important aspects in the field that have had much significance in the human life. The recommendation by the assessment exercises are viewed as a devastating move in the sense that some of the research made must not have an economic benefit in the society but may have massive impact in the society. This creates a situation in which the researchers cannot make some of their research reports owing to the fact that they do not have an economic benefit in the society. The scientific research has also been known to make findings that are hard to predict on the basis that their impact depend on certain factors that may change over time. This creates an uphill task for the researches on the account that they have to calculate the economic impact of their research that is at times dependant of the way that the research is applied in the society. The economic impact that is taken into consideration is also hard to determine as well as measure. This is based on the fact that there has not yet been an invention made that can be used in the determination as well as measurement of the economic impact that something has in the society (Jessica, 2009). This creates a situation in which what is considered as the economic impact is an assumption that is bound to change depending on factors that surround the operation of the research. The measurement of the economic impact that the findings have in the society is the main point of argument based on the fact that it is hard for this impact to be accurately measured. This raises a question of the criteria in which the assessment exercises use in the calculation of the economic impact that the reports from the research have in the society. The basis of argument is the fact that a clear calculation cannot be easily made raising concerns over the criteria that is used by the panel in the determination of this. This creates a situation in which the assessment panel is viewed as biased on account of the fact the economic impacts made are assumption thus the firm seen as to favor the research of the academics that they have interest in. The fact that academics are opposed to the assessment exercises does not necessarily mean that they are no longer to be managed. This is due to the fact that lack of their management can lead to the misuse of the funds allocated to them as well as carrying out of unwanted research that has less significance. This calls for the need of their management as a move that is aimed at their regulation as well as monitoring their activities. However, the management ought to be in a systematic way that does not limit their freedom of pursuit of knowledge. This is based on the fact that poor management strategies can be applied leading to the destruction of the learning process that is accompanied with the academics. The management ought to be directed on the distribution of the funds as well as monitoring the usage of the funds. This is aimed at avoiding embezzlement of the funds as well as the use of the funds in projects that are of less significance to the goal of academics. The management ought to give freedom for research based on the fact that academics are aimed at acquiring knowledge and this can only be achieved with the freedom to carry out research on any field. This is despite the impact that their findings have in the society and this should not be used as the basis of their funding. Some of the research is significant to the life of human beings but may not have economic significance which can not be used as the basis of funding academic research. Academic research is really a matter of serendipity on the basis that serendipitous discoveries play a significant role in the advancement of science. This is based in the fact that they offer a foundation on which important intellectual leaps of understanding are made. This is based on the fact that accidental discoveries reveal information that when contemplated can be developed into an important scientific discovery (Science Daily, 2009). Conclusion The assessment plan is an important idea that helps the public in the monitoring of the way the higher education institutions utilize the funds allocated to them by the funding councils. It also plays an important role in helping the public monitor the activities of the higher education institution so as to tell their progress in the pursuit of knowledge. However the criterion that has been used by the assessment exercises RAE and REF have been discriminatory and not beneficial to the academics leading to the destruction of the research activities of these higher education institutions. This is based on the fact that they lay much emphasis on certain aspects of the research such as their economic impacts which offers misleading information to the funding councils. This has raised the criticism that the exercises have faced from the academics. The measurement of the economic impacts of the research has also raised concern questioning the criteria used by the panel to determine the economic impact. This is based on the fact that there is no known criterion that can be used in the determination of this aspect of research findings that is used in the assessment exercise. Bibliography Andrew M. (2008). The researchers the RAE forgot. Viewed August 1, 2010 from Andrew O. (2009). REF should stay out of the game. Viewed August 1, 2010 from An open letter to Research Councils UK. (2009). Only scholarly freedom delivers real ‘impact’ 1. Viewed August 1, 2010 from Business Video News. (2010). David Willetts announces review of the impact requirement in the Research Excellence Framework. Viewed August 1, 2010 from Chanson, H. (2007). â€Å"Research Quality, Publications and Impact in Civil Engineering into the 21st Century. Publish or Perish, Commercial versus Open Access, Internet versus Libraries? † Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, NRC, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 946-951 Felipe F. (2009). Poisonous impact. Viewed August 1, 2010 from Jessica S. (2009). Humanities research threatened by demands for ‘economic impact’. Viewed August 1, 2010 from Science Daily (2009). Accidental Discovery Produces Durable New Blue Pigment for Multiple Applications. Viewed August 1, 2010 from < http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2009/11/091116143621. htm>

Adsl Modems Essays - Digital Subscriber Line, Free Essays

Adsl Modems Essays - Digital Subscriber Line, Free Essays Adsl Modems Does the humble telephone lines play a major role in shaping the third millennium? Can a mere pair of thin copper wires twisted around each other transmit Internet data reliably and securely at blazing fast speed, making it possible to view high-quality moving images, sound and vast amounts of data on your personal computer screen or television? The answer is yes, as the growing success of DSL (digital subscriber line) technology abundantly demonstrates. The capacity of a communications channel depends on its bandwidth and its signal-to-noise ratio. A voice connection through a conventional phone network uses a bandwidth of about 3,000 hertz (Hz): from about 300 Hz to 3,300 Hz. An analog modem operating at 33.6 kilobits per second (kbps) requires a slightly wider bandwidth 3,200 Hz and needs a very good connection, one with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Modems operating at 56 kbps achieve their rates by taking advantage of digital connections that circumvent some sources of noise in transmissions toward the end user. But these bit rates are far from the maximum possible on a twisted pair alone. One process that limits bandwidth and signal strength is the steady attenuation of the signal as it travels down the line, with the higher frequencies being affected more severely. Greater capacity is therefore available if the lines are kept short. Originally, the Discrete Multitone approach was intended for sending entertainment video over telephone wires. Because such use relies principally on one-way transmission, most of the subchannels were devoted to the downstream signal, carrying about 6 Mbps, with about 0.6 Mbps available in the other direction. This asymmetric form of DSL has become known as ADSL, and the signal coding is now a worldwide standard. Although the video application has not yet borne fruit, asymmetric transmission fortuitously lends itself to browsing on the World Wide Web. Over the past year ADSL has begun to be widely installed in telephone networks for always-on Internet access, typically operating at several hundreds of kbps or higher over phone wires up to about 5.5 kilometers in length. The beauty of ADSL, unlike the multilevel coding used in HDSL, is that the data can use channels operating above the voice frequency band, so a single phone line can simultaneously transmit voice and high-speed data. The newest standard of ADSL is G lite which is just for home users, a global standard that limits the data rates to 1.5 Mbps downstream to the consumer and about 0.5 Mbps upstream. By limiting the speed G.lite is able to operate reliably on more than 70 percent of unaltered phone lines and lowers costs and power usage. Home computers containing G.lite-ready circuitry are already being sold. ADSL has a number of advantages over systems that use a cable television network. With ADSL the signal on your line is not shared with other users. Where as cable modems are, which work over a giant network (party line) when someone else is receiving data, someone could be listening in on your data signal. Where as telephone wires, on the other hand, are physically secure. The backbone networks for ADSL carry composite signals for a few hundred consumers at 155 Mbps and up. A television channel has an effective throughput of only about 24 Mbps, greatly limiting its effectiveness under heavy use by hundreds of cable modems. The ADSL traffic also benefits from a statistical economy of scalefor example, 1,550 people sharing a backbone of 155 Mbps will experience better performance than 240 sharing 24 Mbps. Although cable networks cover 90 percent of the homes in the U.S., they do not serve many businesses. Telephone networks are ubiquitous. Moreover, for effective use of cable modems the cable operator must invest billions to upgrade the cable network with fiber optics and two-way transmission equipment; ADSL, on the other hand, takes advantage of the same kind of telephone pairs that Alexander Graham Bell used in the 19th century. Web Sites xdslresource.com/xDSLFAQ.shtm http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/x/xDSL.html everythingdsl.com/

Beowulf, the Tragic Hero

For example the battles he fought against Grendel, Grendels Mother, and the dragon. Other then his enormous ego along with his cockiness that put him into bad situations, he also embraced the characteristics of a great leader that many looked up to. In many parts of the poem Beowulf performs many courageous tasks that no one else would even try, making him one that should be idolized. To start off, Beowulf plans out his battle with Grendel. In the very beginning Beowulf tells his people and Hrothgar that he wants to battle and kill Grendel with his owns hands. This part shows his over confident ego because he thinks he is so mighty and strong. While Grendel made his way to attack Herot, Beowulf pretended that he was asleep just as Grendel would see. As it says in lines (739-746) Grendel snatched at the first Geat†¦ (Line745) He then stepped to another still body, clutched at Beowulf with his claws. Beowulf suddenly leaned up against Grendel’s arm attempting to get back at him. Grendel was very fearful and at that very moment he didn’t even want to kill, he wanted to get away. Grendel struggled until he was free, but he ran free without his arm. Beowulf ego once again ties into this because he claims that it was â€Å"fate† that he got away and was not his fault. On the other hand, Beowulf went out of his way to protect Hrothgar and his people when no one else would stand up. The second instance where Beowulf finds himself in another situation is when Grendel’s Mother demands to avenge the death of her son. She then decides to kill one of Hrothgars men, who so happens to be Esher, his dearest advisor. After finding out that he had been killed, Hrothgar had summoned Beowulf asking for help once more. Beowulf agrees and battles her at her wretched home. In this confrontation Beowulf decides yet once again to be on his own and defeat the nasty old hag. With one slash of his sword he gets rid of her and is repeatedly praised for his courageous actions. As mentioned reviously, Beowulf always put people before himself, which embraced his characteristics of a tragic hero. Last but not least, Beowulf battles the dragon. It began with a slave that had stolen a golden cup from the dragon’s lair. For the final time, Beowulf’s over confident ego ties into it one final time. We know at this point in time, that Beowulf is at an old age and is becom ing weak. Therefore, he insists to fight the dragon by himself. Beowulf’s decision to fight alone is a reoccurring action, if you can not tell. Ultimately the dragon begins to beat Beowulf; his haughty attitude does not comply with his initial strength. At this moment in time, it leads to Beowulf’s downfall with his final attempt at battle. As he dies he finds the strength to slay the dragon hoping to save his people, one last time. With the death of Beowulf he achieves the fame he has always longed for. Beowulf’s courageous and brave actions along with his tragic death prove that he is a true hero. The events of this epic poem conclude that even heroes too are acceptable to tragedies. Although Beowulf was not perfect, he without a doubt portrayed the definition of a tragic hero. Beowulf, the Tragic Hero For example the battles he fought against Grendel, Grendels Mother, and the dragon. Other then his enormous ego along with his cockiness that put him into bad situations, he also embraced the characteristics of a great leader that many looked up to. In many parts of the poem Beowulf performs many courageous tasks that no one else would even try, making him one that should be idolized. To start off, Beowulf plans out his battle with Grendel. In the very beginning Beowulf tells his people and Hrothgar that he wants to battle and kill Grendel with his owns hands. This part shows his over confident ego because he thinks he is so mighty and strong. While Grendel made his way to attack Herot, Beowulf pretended that he was asleep just as Grendel would see. As it says in lines (739-746) Grendel snatched at the first Geat†¦ (Line745) He then stepped to another still body, clutched at Beowulf with his claws. Beowulf suddenly leaned up against Grendel’s arm attempting to get back at him. Grendel was very fearful and at that very moment he didn’t even want to kill, he wanted to get away. Grendel struggled until he was free, but he ran free without his arm. Beowulf ego once again ties into this because he claims that it was â€Å"fate† that he got away and was not his fault. On the other hand, Beowulf went out of his way to protect Hrothgar and his people when no one else would stand up. The second instance where Beowulf finds himself in another situation is when Grendel’s Mother demands to avenge the death of her son. She then decides to kill one of Hrothgars men, who so happens to be Esher, his dearest advisor. After finding out that he had been killed, Hrothgar had summoned Beowulf asking for help once more. Beowulf agrees and battles her at her wretched home. In this confrontation Beowulf decides yet once again to be on his own and defeat the nasty old hag. With one slash of his sword he gets rid of her and is repeatedly praised for his courageous actions. As mentioned reviously, Beowulf always put people before himself, which embraced his characteristics of a tragic hero. Last but not least, Beowulf battles the dragon. It began with a slave that had stolen a golden cup from the dragon’s lair. For the final time, Beowulf’s over confident ego ties into it one final time. We know at this point in time, that Beowulf is at an old age and is becom ing weak. Therefore, he insists to fight the dragon by himself. Beowulf’s decision to fight alone is a reoccurring action, if you can not tell. Ultimately the dragon begins to beat Beowulf; his haughty attitude does not comply with his initial strength. At this moment in time, it leads to Beowulf’s downfall with his final attempt at battle. As he dies he finds the strength to slay the dragon hoping to save his people, one last time. With the death of Beowulf he achieves the fame he has always longed for. Beowulf’s courageous and brave actions along with his tragic death prove that he is a true hero. The events of this epic poem conclude that even heroes too are acceptable to tragedies. Although Beowulf was not perfect, he without a doubt portrayed the definition of a tragic hero.

Article Critiques on Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Article Critiques on Finance - Essay Example For example, although, â€Å" 70% of Swedes and 61% of Americans aged 55 to 64 work, a mere 32% of Austrians and Belgians in the range do [so].† In analyzing certain trends, the OECD report has divided its members into four groups having similar characteristics. These groups are â€Å"English speaking’, ‘Northern Europe’, ‘Continental and southern Europe’ and ‘Central Europe’. The first two of these groups have been successful in maintaining high employment rates. This, as per the report is attributed to the fact that countries in these two groups have, â€Å"weaker job protection; less generous unemployment benefits and thinner tax wedges than the average†. The message here is clear, namely, that the best way to reduce unemployment is to get more people out to work by the simple expedient of loosening labour markets. Workers must have an incentive to work to make ends meet, which might not be enough motivation if unemployment benefits are too attractive, or conversely, if the take-home pay is not worth the difference in effort. Encouraging people to work until they are much older is one way of reducing the pension burden, but this is offset by the fact that, â€Å" wages are often based on seniority not productivity†. Hence a correct balance has to be drawn, especially since wastage through retirement is one of the methods of job creation. This article examines Europe’s attempts at a monetary union and whether in fact countries that have adopted the Euro have really benefited in terms if increased trade. When Britain stayed out of the merger, it was projected that should Britain join it would result in a possible increase in trade by as much as 50%, and living standards by up o 9%. However, studies carried out by Richard Baldwin do not support these estimates. Baldwin has worked out that the increase in trade on the Euro adopting countries is only between 5% to 15%, with the average being 9%. The three EU countries that did not join